Volume corrector



L. C. LOEWENSTEN. VOLUME CGRRECTOR. APPLacMmN mm Diag, 191s.

HEUS--SHEU 1.

www?? Imm;

mmunnurlfl Inventor;

Louis C. Loewenstein, @Hg/@iwf @9a/*P L. C. LOEWENSTEN.

VOLUME-CORRECTOR.

APPUCATION FILED 1250.9, 1916.

rfo meter Inches Merc u PLJ L. C. LOEWENSTEIN.

VOLUME CG'HRECOR. 'APPLICATION FlLED DEC.9, ll.

Patented Aug., 12, 1919"B 4 SHEEIS-SHEE 4.

inv/empf; Louis C. L oewenstem infn -, wi mi i To @ZZ fio/011i t may concer/n:

Re it known timii'. .ii-oon.; C. Lonwnnnjrnis, n citizen oi i'iie United Si tes, resieiing at Lynn,y Conniy of *cete oi Snchuseiis. hineinf i, ceri 'Q nsei'ni iinprovenien s in Yi/oinmeCorreeiore7 oi? which the foiion'ingg; i a Specification.

it is offen iiesirabie to determine wiwi volume of Air or ofner under sporiiieii condiions of pressure, temperature, iininid.- ity. etc.. is oqnirziient i weight to n given roinmo oi air or under Sonie siendzire'i condiiions oi? pre; mey temperature. humidiiy. etc. in oigiier Words., if' one cubic ioni; of nir referred to Sonie standard com tions@7 :is for instance. '29 inches mercury bereine'ier, $0 dwiees i*iiiireniien emperatnre anni with no iin (no moisture), has e therefore eone-ins n de?? const iinem miY e l of A oxygen, niil mined by inborions proper s` er iian.

f present invention izeo'veei iis-ivi poiniers Wiiieii, nroje; be mede to eizern'ilne e eni- 'voinrne of nir or in eoniiiions fesinfi numiiiil; which @nid Contain iii' Finire nfeiggii' air or o oily-7 oi i ehn., Aor oaiier given volume oi? en: ni, sonie'besic or sieniiaf/ rondi'ions.' This nene is preferaiii natie i gire i resuiif by one .deiini'e ing for eeeii con ion @is Tlor instance, one et 'for Sile given pressure, one se f 'ing' for the given einperninre, one Setting for the given humidity, etc., and mit@ frantically to obiain from these inriivicinei sei yinge n tinnl reading without losing or disv iurbingg any oi ine individuai Settings made., "finit :it any subsequent time the manip'niaf om. refer imo.; and see under what condicions of pressure, temperature, n ndiinniidity, ein.. iiie eqniveient volume or .Veigii was asorrininesi. if. however, it, isnoi imponinnt to Sniiible scnies nianipnintion oar indicate the nher ges and "f snre,`izeniper retain iii@ individual Settings for inspection,

iiniii rersni, by inorothnnone setting 'ior exi-ch oondiion n soinenfinit iess expensive :forni of ineirnnnnt can be made, aiiiough he prin' remain the seine.

be made 'to iippiv to ont is here-ii 'iescrioed :is app? ng ie-w of wz zii/ion or" voinnie of .'Lne 'to differences in temperanre, pres- Woniri im inszrinnent can nioiinre, ete., therein eontninei may 1voe e. e i tnoee applying @o nir, but n. prei r of scales and 'proporioning o' the i: ons paris oi' ihe insiirnnient is nii iiizi is neceeenrv io Construct this instrufor the 'fini-ii in question.

provide en. improved inSrunie-n of this type niej; be applied to machines handling .so "dint the equivalent volume or weight gas or eiemenfA conaineci in iii@ ges may ne measured kept constant or .5 firawingiignre i is ii'rrmnen'; Wi'ii iii@ n iin-section; Fig. 3 is e n Minier to' Fig. l but with en niv-ey to show those beis a detail of certain. G seoiion teken on line 6--6 Wij. is e Section tekenen line in iig'. 8 is fi side elevation of e consieni, minnie governor Scale beam with inf.; Voinine corrector nppiied to the Weight thereof; Fig". 9 is a Jop pian View of the Sonie benin of 8; Fig. 10 is a dia-grainmniie View of i motor driven Centrifugal compressor equipped with u constantw'olu me governing mechanism.' and my improved 'voiiirne corrector; and Fifi. 11 is :L ing-ram illustrating Cthe construction and theory oi the Shown in Figi'. 8.

Referring to the drinvings, Figs. l to T, 15 indicates ai rear mii of n casing' und 1G n rorrecied 'for variations or conditions, suchV e :i 'iop pien View, the.

on iine 0 3 in Fig. 1;

cover hinged thereto at 17. On the wall 15 is a pair of spaced guides 18 and I19 having grooves in which slide the tongues 20 and 21 of a carriage 22 comprising a base 22a and riage 22 can be adjusted relative to wall 15',

the vf'ront plate 27 moving with it, and that the front plate can be adjusted relative to the carriage 22. In the front plate 27 is a slot 28 and on the front and back sides of the plate are members 29 and 3Q, Fig. 7, provided With bosses 31 and 32 which project into the slot.` Members 29 and 30 are held together by a clamping stud 33 which projects through the member 29 and threads into the member as indicated at 30a. The stud 33 has a knurled' head 34 by which 1t may be turned to clamp the two members 29 and 30 to the'v front plate 27. lVhen the knurled head A34 is turned to loosen the two members, 29 and 30, they may then be ad- 25 justed along the slot 28.' The member 29 carries a pointer 35 having an index mark 36'- thereon. The pointer 35 is4 adapted to be A moved over the barometric scale plate 37.

i The member 30 has a hub 38 on which rotatably mounted a gear wheel 39 held in place by a nut 40 on' the threaded en d 41 of the hub 38. The gear wheel 39 meshes with a toothed rack 42 fastened in a slot 43 inside ange 24, as by means of screws 44. Arranged to slide'in slot 28, and projecting through it at one side of members 29 and 30, is a rectangular block 45, Figs. 2, 3 and 6, having shoulders 46 which engage the rear surface of the sliding front plate 27. Fitting over the outerrend of the block 45 is a plate 47, having .flanges 48 which engage the face of front plate 27 The plate 47 is suit- 'ably fastened to the block 45 as by screws 49 and carries a pointer 50 which extends out through aslot 51` in the wall 15 and has an index mark 52 thereon. Thel gear wheel 39 has a cam slot 53 in it, and on the block 45 is a projecting pin 54 which enters cam slot 53.

It will thus be seen that when the gear wheelk 39 turns, the pin 54A will be forced along the cam slot to raise oi-lower the` block 45 and pointer .50. 'Pivoted at its elbow between has a pointer 61, Fig. 1, n its end whichv plays over a scale 62, the0'end of the pointer being provided with an index mark 63. The pointer 61 is held in position by a suitably threaded stud having a knurled head 61a.

The pivot for the bell crank lever comprises a pin 64, having a knurled head 65, the p'in lVhen' the bell crank lever is clamped against movement, the pin 59 on arm 56 ho1ds the front plate 27 against movement. Projecting from the side flange 2 4 is a pointer 66 provided with an indexmar'k 67, and adja-l cent it is a scale plate 68 over which it moves.

The guide 19 is slotted in line with the groove in it, for a portion of its length, as indicated at 69, Figs.V 5 and 6, and extending through the guide 19 at thisl point is a threaded stud 70 having a knurled head71. By screwingI this` up the tongue 21 is firmly grippedin the groove to hold the carriage 22 from movement. The two ends of the carriage are closed by angle plates 72v and 73 held in place byA screws 74. At vthe central portion of base 222L is an opening-,7 5, Figs. 4

and 7, the purpose of which is to' facilitate assembling. The cover 16 is provided with suitable transparent openings' 76, Fig. 8,

the ends of pointers 35, 61 and 66 are visible.

Considering now the operation of the apparatus just describedfro'm a mechanical standpoint, thev pointer 50 is the main indieating pointer, and the other'three, 35,l 61

vthrough which the scales 37, 62 and 68y andv i and 66 are operated to bring the main pointer 50 to a resultant position. The scale 37 over which pointer 35 moves is graduated for vinches of mercury of barometric pres'- sure. The scale 62 over which the pointer- 61 moves is graduated in' a seriesV of curves,

each 0f the curves representing in degrees` Fahrenheit some progressive' difference in reading between the wet and dry bulb thermometers. The straight vertical line 62 on scale 62 represents the condition of-no humidity (no moisture). `The scale 68 over which the pointer 66 moves is graduated for temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

Assume now that the instrument 'is set for some standard conditions-for example,

29 inches mercury barometric pressure, 60 y de,( rreesl Fahrenheit temperature, and no moisture. Thenthe pointer 35 is` set at 29 inches on the scale 37, and pointer 66 at 60 degrees on the scale 68, and the pointer 61' vertically'or on the perfectly dry air line 62a on scale 62. The pointer 50' will have assumed a position which may be taken as the arbitrary unity of a scaleover which pointer 50 moves. The knurled heads 34, 65 and 71 are-screwed down so that-all the movable parts are clamped in xed positions.

the volume equivalent in weightA to the weight of a given volumeof air under the standard conditionsof 29 inches mercury pressure, 60 degrees Fahrenheit temperature .Assume now that it is desired 'to determine j' nis-rl; 63 on pointer f in the iront plete assumed is the resnitnt or end no moisture. For instance, nssinne that, it is desired to determine. this volnine 'of air :LtQO degrees Fahrenheit temperature, and inches mercury haronietric pressure :ind humidity equivalent to l0 degrees .Fahrenheit difference between the Wet und dry bidh thernxoineter readings, which contninsthe saine Weight of nir (hence seine weight of oxygen, nitrogen, etc.,) as n nnit volunie of air under the standard conditions.

To accomplish this, the lniurled heed Ti may first oe turned to nnclnnig the tongue 2l. rhe carriage togesher with :ill the parts carried thereon, is then moved bodily in the grooves in zguides 18 and if) until the index GT on pointer 66 opposite the line representing 90 degrees Fahrenheit then clamped in this position by down the knnrled head T1. vffith this move- Inent, it will be seen, the mein pointer is moved bodily directly with` the carriage. The lnnrled heed 3% may nex be 'turned nnelninp'rneinbers 29 and 30 and these ports are then slid along the slot 28 until. the index merk 36 on pointer 35 cornes to the point representing; 30 inches beroineter seele" 87 `Jnring this movement the wheel 39 rides eiiong turnec by it, rilnis turns 'the een Wheel 39 end causes the pin along it, wliieh in turn moves LY- snd pointer 50. The inn. red 1 serewed down to eiere f new @diese-ed positioi is nowtnrned lever comprising eri now ter.' ed on pivot eo ir Les degrees (representing nV ings of the and dry lon o On seele is tilts t through the pin 59 in the grooves 25., with it tne Wheei engagement of pin l-.l wit position which the mein point,

justinents end Troni position '1; lent volume of sir et. the conditiene` degreesl Fahrenheit temperature, .Eil mercury eronietrie pressure and e hnmic, y corresponding to 10 degrees difference in readings ot the Wet and dry onlin thermometers can be determined from esn-itniile sertie over which the pointer 50 travels which' would Contain the saine Weight ot lnir contained in some unit volume of air under the former standard conditions.

Referring' now to the application olf niv invention to e ges 'handling machine Il vwilll describe for illustration, specifically, its no plieetion to the governing mechanism oi e indicates e centrifugal compress s,

eentring-al compressor furnish nir to e blast turni/ree.

teiinined Weight of nir (or oit ozb/gi blast ifnrnnces irrespective oi? he pressure required force this weight oi eli" lnongh the i'nrnnce. Heretofore constant 'volume governor was used tor Y @dieting the of the motor driving the nir ooniressor, so that n constant vohnne of nir eonld be de- 7 livered to the blast iinrnnee irresgieotii'e of the pressure required' to torce this nir nii. injjv inw, dion. the eo-, vohnne infor sin/li. s compressor so onlinr; sentie i definite e@ enbie OG eniiio L reo @o v sin.

Weigns r cient 1olsst furnace blowingJ Referring now to rigs. @i

the sir inlet conduit thereon l .as being driven by a steam turbine indicated operating this valve mechanism is indicated' at 84. The turbine drivenfc'ompressor' set --is-provided with the usual4 form-of constant 4volume governing mechanism'. comprising a beam 85 pivoted on 'a shaft 86 carried by an arm- 87.r One end of thebeam is connected to'a rod 88 upon the lowerend of which is -a iioat 89 inthe inlet conduit 81.

. On the end of beam 85 is fixed alink 90'conn a usual form of follow up device, or restor` nected to one end of a iio'atinglever 91. The lever 91 vis connected 'by a rod 92 to the -luid actuated motor 84, the connection involving ing'mechanism, as is Well known, the same lbeing indicated at 93. The pilot valve of the fluid actuated motor is indicated at 94. The other end of the floating lever 91 is connected by a link 95 to the end of a governor lever 96 which is actuated by the speed governor 97. The constant volume governor weight is indicated at98 and is adJustablc along the b'eam 85, and 99 indicates a dashpot' for steadying theinovement of the beam.

The hand Wheel 100 can be turned to adjust the Weight along the beam 85. This hand Wheel is attached to a threaded rod 101 pas-l sing through a threaded nut attached to the weight 98, as vis Ashown clearly in Fig. 9. lThe threaded rod 101 is journaled near l its two ends so that when the hand Wheel is turned the weight is moved along thefbeam.

Proper calibrations on the beam` indicate Where the Weight 98 is to be set for the desiredI volume of'flow, and the ioat 89 acts on the beam 85 to tilt it so as to cause the -iuid motor 84 to open or close the valvel ymechanism 83 which inturn admits more or less iiuid to the turbine and` thereby causes such regulation'in the speed of the turbine as to obtain suiicient air discharge pressure from the compressor as is required to force vthe proper quantity or volume of air through the air discharge conduit of thel and also the vol'umedelivered and therefore more air passes by the float 89 tending to raise the same and' place it in the correct position for the volume `of air desired. On the other hand, if the volume increases then the Hoat will rise and will tilt the' beam in theopposite. direction. Thisy motion will close ofithe elastic fluid supply to the turf tion it is'desred to call attentiony to the fact vproportional to the squareof the correspond- "conditions for which the scale has been calivinstrument and the scale referred to.-

bine until the unit will have reached a proper reduced speed for the volume of air' desired. The speed governor 9 7 is normally inactive the turbine being wholly under the control of the constant volume governor 'and only comes into'play to take control in' case of excess speed, in other v vords, it.' is somewhat ofthe nature of an emergency. governor.' A

constant volume governing `mechanism as just described is Wellknovvn.

' Heretofore it has been customary lto calibrate the beam by providing graduations or notches 'to which the sliding weight 98 is' set for various volumes of air. Under these circumstances thebeam has been graduated for some. standard conditions of For example, 29 inchesinereury baronietric pressure, 60 degrees Fahrenheit temperature and no moisture. In .this connec- 85 'that the scale of calibrations or notches on such a beam is a quadratic scale, that is, the.l distances of the various graduations incubic feet'of air per minute from the zero markare ing quantities of air; for instance, the 2000 -cubic foot mark is four times, and the 3000 cubic foot mark is nine times as far from the zero mark as, the 1000 cubic.4 foot mark. These graduations or markings to which the sliding Weight must be placed in order to govern fo'r yany particular volume of air are correct only if the air corresponds to the brated. Usually these conditions do not obtain in practice. In applying my invention it is now possible to correctly set the sliding weight along'the beam so 'as to deliver the correct weight of air under'any conditions o f pressure, temperature or humidity.

-In the practical' application of this instrument to a constant volume governor an ordinary calibrated scale over which the pointer 50 travels is not suiiicient, and a different scale Which I believe to be novel and which forms a part of my invention is used. This scale is best described by a discussion ot' the theory which determines the proper proportioning of the various parts of the In -applying 'my improved volume cor- -rector to the constant volume governor of a centrifugal compressor, I provide on the beam a scale plate102 calibrated as shown in Fig. 8. In this figure the .central longi- 120 tudinal line A indicates -ra calibration line for some standard conditions, as, for eX- ample, 29 inches of mercury barometric pressure, 60 degrees Fahrenheit temperature, and no moisture. On the scale plate are a series of slanting: lines B, representing different volumes of air lo'w f er minute. The

lines B all focus at a point C which is ona vertical lined) passing through the zero, point of the scale on plate 102. Consider,

:30,000 @.ubi'e feel', eli nir per ininu-e. i-

or exemple, that the assumed standard een-- ditions of temperature, pressure and livr midity exist. rFnen when i y veluine con reetor mounted on the sliding' constant volume governor is se described, for these eondiions' mark 52 'on pointer 5G will been longitudinal i, A. la' r :i inne of an' den' pei* ininu Wheel '100 muy be turned lo weight with ifs .ol'uine peint/er llwill coincide Winn i line B Representing snelivvolnnie o;

sozne other Conditions enipereiturej sure and linnn ity obtain7 tlien lie s `ln corrector is' adjusted, es nlrezidy explains;

for these new oondiiions. 'lus will bthe index ina-rk 52 on pointer7 5G e the line i' below it. hund wneel .ll'fl now turned no bringindei lio 'che' line renresencingg' the (lured Velin of en 'fion' p' minnie, for in f subio feet. will be undelete@ that undelie newv eend is not uci-nelly delivering` the same vel i ne of air per niinu e lier delivering i volume wliieln un sinned neu' con( tions contains cubic 'feelr of nu' per r mule under s'zinir :1rd l conditions.

m i i i* ,i ilie actuan piueicnl )lisation een stunt volume governing? Within-@per volume correction lor blusi, ilfurnnee bloiring foi instunce is ns 'follow lx( proper chemical. analysis oil' *die nini( ged into a bluse 'furnace tbe inne of air (or olijf-- gen) per minnie i ed for ellicieut blowing cnn be debeiin :we 0r the proper Weightof air for blus nce blowing' may be determined e riineninlly. greater or less amount of nir deerenses the eliiriienexrn 'Having once determined "liis proper weight of air per ininue required it een be trainslnted inte given volume of iii? of' standard conditions. The air condi-ions however, do not remain constant and therefore lie vole unie correcnr can new l i epgilied so that under any other nir Qondieions the proper equivalentvoluine vinziy ne obtained, zilfilioun'li the index inail; 52 on pointer 50 is set 0n the seule von the calibrated line indicating elle origin-(il number of cubic feet of gsi-:infl-nifl nir.

A proper proportioning the scales on the in-` struinent to tale Care of @lie excess 0i' oxygen required 'n the furnace when l:here is any moisture present in the air because n vermin amount `of lieat generated in lie blzisI furnace must be consumed by the4 heating oli liis moisture as it passes through -die Mist furnace. But as this excess of oxygen re-Y further reneinent'nmy be obtained by Y to prodnee this' additions in cnn moet frequently 'ne oini'ted because Tnell. tteniinin li'ev'vever, called no the i eorreu-' can readily C l of this eieifi if reunir:

leoretiea-i prins' .n nl "elle "minnie ser volume geve pri "fooi i' d 'gliebelance 0 *L e'tlie incoming 5de-ting l lerum Fer ense e rrli S is die eren i weinen of @lie mi fine inoonitiennl to nee i? remains long n.y 'mi the incomi be lever erin i *l sliding i ni'o ortionel 5 oli/ne io lle square e incoming n'. l'lierefore isle @es nl: elle ei auf per ninutel frein i1 Y tional *Le ille quanlities o; 2G00 en. meri from' and vtlie 5300() en. ft. mei the distance of lie "i009 ift., merk Zero. "Usually elle density i lfne incoming; varies, due eben es .in atmospheric nieuwe of die sere 1g l" nine tunes, eine.,

eonditions; lint cese cenrliion 2 i eorresnonding" Jour times,

order to obtain the correct value of W1 -un-.

der the actual conditions.

From theoretical physics l is proportional t0 Where P0 is lthe absolute pressure of the -ziir alone, and T0 its absolute temperature.. -If the air is free `from moisture (other impurities being negligible) P0 may be replaced bythe barometric pressure or reading P., in lbs. per sq. inch or in inches mercury. If water vapor is present, its pressure must be ascertained and subtracted from P2 to give the correct value of P0. The pressure of the water vapor can be computed fromthe 'Observed atmospheric temperature and from the relative humidity as indicated, say by a dry and wet bulb thermometer arrangement.

In Order 110W to apply my volume corrector and special scale to this governor the following method of Calibrating the scale is necessary,

Referring to Fig. 11, which is ofcourse, purely diagrammatic and not to scale, the line A1A2 represents the center line or base line of my new scaleand it can be graduated like the. usual scale of the ordinary constant volume governor for some standard air conditions, say for dry air at 60 degrees Fahrenheit ,temperature and 29 inches mercury barometer. As explained before, the

- distance A1C1 to the 20000 cubic foot mark 'is four times the distance A1B1 to the 10000 cu. ft. mark, etc., the point A1 representing zero quantity. New suppose that with the sliding weight placedat 20000 cu. ft. the temperature 'condition alone changes from 60 degrees or 520 degrees absolute to 2080 degrees absolute. The correct volaille., now

held by the governor if the sliding weight is not moved will then be, as previously eX- plained Therefore if OA1 represents to some scale or 10000 eu. a.l

520 degrees and CB2 represents to the same Consequently the line 013102 is always correCt for 10000 cu. ft.'of air at the conditions .represented by any horizontal line such as A1A2. If, therefore, the pointer for setting the sliding weight is moved up or down over a proper scale of temperatures, whenever the pointer is set on tlie 10000 cu. ft.' line OCZ.

`vertically from O- in absolute degrees or their equivalents in ordinary degrees Fahrenhelt. The dist-ance OA1 represents to some 'for the barometer corrections.

scale 520 degrees, the dist-ance CB2 to the same scale 2080 degrees, etc. In an actual 1 instrument or scale the distance OA1 would be very long and neednot be shown actually on the scale, 'and the actual-scale would only cover the general range 0f temperatures desired and usually marked in ordinary degrees Fahrenheit. The sloping lines of constant volumes however would have to converge to some imaginary Zero as O in the figure and the temperature scale must be laid y o in uniform and proper divisionsaceording to4 the principles just explained.

New as regards proper scale of barometric pressures. A change in barometer from the standard condition of 29 inches mercury to some other value P2 affects the volume of air (referred to 29 inches and G0 degrees) held by the governor to the same extent as" if the barometric pressure remained at'29 inches and the temperature alone changed from 520o F. abs. to solne other ten'ipera.- ture To abs. such that P1T=29 520g since the change in density of the air whether by barometer alone or by temperature alone would then be the same; in other words. doubling the barometer is equivalent tohalving the absolute temperature. Therefore a barometer scale can be arranged on the temperature scale or as an independent scale so that the dist-ancel of the 29 inches marking to the 30 inches lmarking would be equivalent to 17.3 degrees on the teniperat-ure scale or the distance of the 29 inches marking to 28 inches mark-ing would be equivalent to 18.0 degrees on 11he temperature scale,`etc. Therefore a proper scale for baroinetric' pressure readings may be constructed and the above described constant quantity lines can then be used to correct 'for varia-tions in barometer7 the pointer for setting the sliding weight being moved up and do'wnnot only for the temperature corrections but also In other words the correction for variations .in barometer may be converted into the scale of temperature corrections and the pointe-1 on the sliding weight moved to record the resultant movements ef the combined correction for temperature and barometer.

It will be noticed that the barometer scale is a. reciprocal scale (that is inversely'proportional to the absolute temperature), and that ordinarily the graduations would not. be uniform. (see Fig. 11). -Itis possible, however. and preferable'. to make the barometer graduations strictly uniform throughout by making one point or graduation of the b'arometer scale correct, and compensating for the inacci 'acy of uniform graduations at other points by giving the sliding weight pointer automatically an additional correcvtive motion by means of a properly con! structed or proportioned cam or otherwise. This uniform graduating of the barometer ,'sding Weight the also be noticed-'inet enden@ en fne nimesahnte also. be (m1 to correct e of n nd. fer any s composition. .For L. L to use ent'e'hed en ivy sn nxxed W-"n oxygen) 'fer Colng fpeses (such es bowng nl elast Ehe mein Vcale is then eabmted fles Gi* Weights fol* seine assumed e "osien that is, seine assumed re of em n nitrogen, etc. ehbete. in division Yee/ions quentes of eeen ee p ef elements eenaned' in ne By prner settings of the tens on each f the individuel 1, the mein pointer is move-d s oen y .eees qneso 'vlieete inne-equivalent volume er Weight fluid of'. standard cenxpe-sten nhien eque' ene vnhnne on Weight of the mg the w Cenposten.

ecodmme with the provisions of the 'ether pessn. s ne Ae ef; @nere-'zien ef my invention, sen. u 'h ne (Jnns which E now 3e-nemer te ne e Wesens fne best exnbednnent theeof; but l on the de ebeve des ed desinee@ have it understood thai the eppesez enfy s wwe. is eny illustrative, and "anni sinne eet-nel a namely kie/nds mainly en "che eneseeee having, n seele themen calibrated in quenanf @n the lfeenee bex e fl'es of fluid nndeseane. standard condi- 'tne We'" 'an bulb therlnoneewenn non@S en indicati-ng pointe?, and means for b edjnsng seid pointent@ nceefe equivalent quent ties of nn under eonntlons other 5G new n en indien-ting nstfunient, e member "nvnsg e, scale @leseon eelbmte n volumes le nnfer seme stendefd' condition, an sijn f pointer, and means for adjusting' V e s, L peintes '30 indicate equivalent volumes bnemete e @if ud nnde cendtions other @nan stend- A l A "he ganessne n I epos.. l As n he. v l n en indicating instrument, e member e embe "zemee @met 'he be'emehaving e seele thereon calbmed n Weight 6@ iria seele nne'fna. se n nf nui@ under sernestended eendensen half nen menen? ne pointer for Femmes, nerve desebed the px-inf nventon een be out by other having a scale thereon calibrated in volumes of fluid under some standard composition, an indicating pointer, a'nd means for adjusting said pointer .to indicate equivalent volumes for compositions other vthan standard.

5. In an indicating instrument, -a member having a scale thereon calibrated in weight of `iuid under some standard composition,

said uid.

7. In a volume corrector, an indicating pointer, and means for adjusting it in accordance 'with temperature, pressure and humidity.

'8.4 In a volume corrector, an indicating pointer, and means for adjusting it to correct for temperature, pressure and liu-- midity;

9L In a volume corrector, a main indicating pointer, separate pointers for. temperature, pressure and humidity, scales over which said last .namedpointers move, and means for transmitting the resultant of the movements of the last named pointers to the Lmain indicating pointer.

10. In a volume corrector a main 'indicating pointer, separate pointers for temperature, pressure, and humidity, scales over "which said last named pointers move, and meansfor transmitting movement fromveach of the last named pointers to the main indicating pointer.

` 11. In a volume corrector, a mainl indicating pointer, separate pointers for temperature, pressure, and humidity; scales over which said last named pointers move, means connecting the temperature pointer directly to the main indicating pointer so that the two move together, and means for inxparting a dierential movement from the other two pointers .to the'main indicating pointer. y 12: In a volume corrector, a main indicat- 'ing pointer, separate pointers for temperature, pressure, and humidity, scales over Which said last named pointers move, means vconnecting .the temperature pointer directly to the main pointer, and means including a cam for imparting movement from the other two pointers to the main indicating pointer. 13. In .a volume corrector, the combination of a base, a frame slidab'lethereon, a plate slidable on the frame, and a member slidable on the plate, a main indicating pointer carried by the frame and slidable relative thereto, a pointer fixed on the frame, a teniperature scale for it, a pointer carried by the slidable member, a barometei' scale vfor it, a pointer pivoted` on the frame and connected to move the plate relative to the frame, :and means for transmitting movenient from the slidable member and plate toy the main indicating pointer.

Alet. In a volume corrector, the combination of a main indicating pointer, and means for `adjusting it in accordance with temperature and pressure. l

15. In a volume corrector, the combination oi a math indicating pointer, and means for adjusting it in accordance with temperatureand humidity,

16. In a volume corrector, the combination of a main indicating pointer, and means adjusting it in accordance With pressure and humidity.

17. In a volume corrector, the combination of a main indicating pointer, means for adj ustiiig it to correct for temperature, means for adjusting it to correct for'barometric. pressure, and means for modifying said lastA named adjustment to correctvfor humidity.

18. In a volume corrector, the combination of a main indicating pointer, a-temperature correcting pointer and a humidity correcting pointer which move together to adjust .the main indicating pointer for temperature, and means. for moving the humidity correct-- ing pointer independently of the temperature correcting pointer, and means for transmit-ting such movement'to the main indicating pointer. l

19. The combination of a plate having a volume indicating ,scale thereon, a pointer adapted to be moved over the scale, and a member Which carries the pointer and is adapted to be adjusted for temperature.

volume indicating scale thereon, a pointer adaptedy to be moved over the scale, a member which carries. the pointer and is adapted to bel adjusted for temperature, and means for adjusting the pointer to correct for changes in barometric pressure.

21. The combination ot a plate haviiiga volume indicating scale thereon, a pointer adapted to be moved over thescale, a member which carries the pointer and is adapted to vbe adjusted for temperature,and -means for adjusting the pointer to cori-ect for changes in .barometric pressure and for humidity.

22. The con'ibination of a plate having a volume indicating scale thereon, a pointer'4 adapted to be moved .over the scale, a member Which carries the pointer and is adapted to be adjusted for temperature, and means vfor adjusting the pointer to correct for humidity.

23. The combination with a compressor 105 20. The combination of a plate having a having a governing mechanism which may be set to cause the compressor to deliver certain weight of duid under some standard conditionnermeans'tor adjusting said governi'ng mechanism to correct iior any v: riaA tions 'from said conditions. Y

The combination with' centrifugai compressor having a governing mechanism which mayv be set to cause the compressor to deliver a certain Weight of fluid under fixed conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, of means for adjusting said governing mechanism to correct for variations in temperature in said fluid.

.The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a governing mechanism which may be set to cause the compressor to deliver a certain weight of Huid under fixed conditions of temperature, pressure, and hir l midity, of means for adjusting said govern ing mechanism to correct for vvariirtions in the pressure of saidhuid.

26. The combinationwvith a centritugai compressor having a governii'ig mechanism which may beset to cause the compressor to deliver a certain Weight of fluid under fixed conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, of means for adjusting said governing mechanisnrto correct lor variations in the humidity of the liuid.

27. rlhe combination. with a centrifugal compressor having a governing mechanism Which may be set to cause the compressor to deliver a certain Weight of i'iuid under fixed condi yions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, of means for adjusting said governing mechanism to correct 'for variations in the temperature and pressure of the luid.

i 28. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a governing mechanism which may beset to cause the compressor to deliver a certain Weight of iiuid under hired conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, of means for adjusting said goverm ing mechanism to correct for variations in the temperature and humidity oi said fluid.

29. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having governing n'iechanism whichn'iaybe set to cause the compressor to de' "er a certain Weight of duid under liifed conntions olf temperature, pressure, and humidity, oli means for adjusting said 'governing me .hanism to correct for variations in the pre. sure and humidity of the fluid.

The con'ibination with a centrifugal compressor having a governing mechanism which may be set to cause ne compressor to deliver .a certain weight ot' fluid under fixed conditions of temperature,pressure, and humidity, of means for adjustingV seid governing mechanism to correct for variations in the temperature, pressure, and humidity of said duid.

vpointer relative to the movabie thereon, oi' a scale plate on thebea-m having a scale thereon which indicates volume et flow, a pointer which moves over the scale, and means for adjusting the pointer relative to the scale to correct for variations in temperature, pressure, and hu midity.

8:2. The combina-tion with a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam and a Weight movable thereon, ot' a scale plate on the beam having a scale thereon which indicates vo-lume of lion', a pointer which moves over the scale, and meansfor adjusting the pointer relative to the scale to correct for variations in temperature.

The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a' volume governing mechanism comprising a beam and a Weight movable thereon, of a scale plate on the beam having a scale Ithereon whichv indicates volume of flow, a pointer which moves over the scale, and means for ad, justing the pointer relative to the scale to correct for variations in pressure. e

3.1i. The combination With a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a. beam and a Weight movable thereon, or" a scale plate on the beam having al scale thereon 'which indicates volume of flow, a pointer which moves over the scale and means for adjusting the pointer relative to the scale to correct for variations in humidity.

35. rhe combination with a centrifuga-l compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam and a Weight movable thereon, of a scale plate on the beam having a scale thereon which indicates volume ot iioiv, pointer which moves over the scale, and means for adjusting the pointer relative to the scale to correct for variations in ten'ipera-ture and pressure.

Y 36. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam and a Weight movable thereon, ot a scale plate on the beam having a scale thereon which indicates volume ot' iovv, a pointer which moves over.

the scale, and means io-r adjusting the scale to correct for variations in temperature and humidity.

37. yl`he con'ibination with a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a heain and a Weight movable thereon, of scale plate on the beamhaving a scale thereon which indicates volume ot flow, a pointer which moves over the scale, and means for adjusting the pointer relative to the scale to correct for variations in pressure and humidity.

38. The combination 4With `a centrifugal compressor i having .a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam, a Weight adjustable thereon and a float. Which' rides on the gas passing through the compressor, of a scale plate on the beam having a volume indicating scale thereon, a pointer carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of the Weight on the scale, and means for adjusting the pointer relative to the scale to correct for variations in temperature..

39. The combination With a centrifugal compressor having` a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam, a Weight adjustable thereon and a float which rides on l the gas passing through the compressor, of

a scale 'plate on the beam having a volume indicating scale thereon, a' pointer carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of lthe weight on the scale, and means for adjusting the pointer relative to the scale means for adjusting the pointer relative to the scale midity.

Y41.v The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam, a Weight ad justable thereon and a Heat Which rides on the gas passing through the compressor, of a scale plate on the beam having a volume indicating scale thereon, a pointer carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of the weight on the scale, and means for adjusting the pointer relative to lthe scale to correct for variations in temperature and pressure.

42. The combination with la centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam, 9 Weight adjustable thereon anda float which. rides on the gas entering the compressor, of a scale 'to correct for variations in huplate on the beam having a volume indieating scale thereon a pointer'carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of tlievveight on the scale, and means for adj listing the pointer relative to the. scale to correct for variations in temperature and humiday.

43. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam, a Weight adjustable thereon and a float Whichf rides on thegas entering the compressor, ot a scale plate en the beam having a volume indicating Scale thereon, a pointer carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of the vWeight on the scale, and means for:

a'djustinor the pointer relative tothe scale i correct iibr variations inpressure andhu midity. f

ing scale thereon, a pointer carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of 'the plate on the beam having a volume indieat- .Weight on the scale, and means for adjust- .A

ing the pointer relative to thescale to correct for variations in pressure, temperature and humidity.

a5. The combination with a compressor bel set to cause the compressor to deliver a certain volume or weight oi fluid .under Vsome standard composition,l or' means for having a governing mechanism Whichinay.

adjusting said governing mechanism to corf rect for any variations from said standard composition. 1

46. A scale plate for a governor beam comprising a. plate calibrated by sloping lines which extend crossvvise thereof, and represent volumes equivalent to 'aY given weight so that everylongitudinally extend' ing line intersecting the sloping lines forms a quadratic scale of divisions.

4T. The combination of a plate having a volume indicating` scale thereon, a pointer adapted to be moved over the scale, and means 'for setting the pointer comprising a member which is adjusted for temperature, a member which is adjusted for pressure, and a member which is adjusted for difference in readings between a Wet and dry' bulb thermometer, and plates having scales' thereon for each ot the said members, said members being Isuccessively adjusted and so arrangedl that when finally adjusted their positions indicate the readings for which they Were adjusted. y

48. The combination With a compressor having a governing mechanism comprising a beam having a scale plate thereon, a tlo'at Which is subjected to the-impingementof the current of fluid passing ythrough the compressor, said float being connected to the beam, and an adjustable sliding Weight which counter-balances the actioirofthe fluid on the float, of a volume corrector cariied b v the weight and having a pointer cooperating With the scale plate, said scale plate being calibrated in lines representing definite volumes of fluid in terms of some standard conditions, and means Jfor adjusting the'positioii of the pointer forjvai'ying conditions of the Huid whereby said pointer can. be utilized to locate the Weight on the beam so as to permit a. volume ot {luid to pass through the compressor which has an ist;

relapse equivalentrvveight to the volume of fluid instandard conditions.

dicated on the scale when under said standard conditions. u

#19. The combination with a compressor having a governing a beam having a scale plate thereon, a float which is subjected to the impingement lot the current of fluid passing through the compressor, said float being. connected to the beam, and an adjustable sliding weight which counterbalances the action o the fluid on the float, of a volume corrector car ried by the Weight and having a pointer the scale plate, said scale` cooperating with plate being calibrated in sloping lines running crosswise nite volumes of fluid in terms of some standard'condition, andmeans for adjusting the pointer of the volume corrector crosswise of the scale plate to position it for a .variation or variations in either the temperature, pres sure or humidity of the Huid, whereby said pointer may be utilized to locate the Weight on the beam so as to permit a volume of fluid to pass through the compressor, which has an equivalent Weight tothe volume of iuid indicated on the sca-le When under said 50. The combination With a compressor having a governing mechanism comprising a. beam having ascale plate thereorn'a Atloat which is subjected to the impingement of the current of fluid passing through the compressor, Said float being connected to the beam,v and an adjustable sliding Weight which counterbalances the action ofthe tluid on the float, ot a volume corrector carried by the weight and having a pointer cooperating with the scale plate, said scale plate 'being cali rated in sloping lines running cross-:wise thereof, representing definite volumes or composition, and means for' adjusting the pointer ot the volume corrector crossvvise of the scale plate to positionl it for a variation or variations in any of the elements contained in the composition of the Huid whereby said pointer may be utilized to locate the' Weight on the beam so as ,to -permit a volume of fluid to pass through the compressor, which has the same Weight of any speciiied element as contained in the fluid of standard composition.

51. The combination with a centrifugal4 compressor having a governing mechanism which may be set to cause the compressor to deliver a certain Weight of fluid under fixed conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, of means for adjusting said governing mechanism to correct ,for variations from any one or all of' said fixed conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity.

52. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having -a governing mechanism von the beam to mechanism comprising thereof, representing deli- 'ature, pressure, said pointer is set for .compressor having a volumefluid in terms of some standard i pointer relative to comprising a. beam, and a Weight adjustable thereon, said Weight being adapted to be set cause the governing mechanirsm to regulate the compressor to deliver a certain 'weight' of fluid under fixed conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, of a pointer carried by the Weight to indicate the iadjustment of the Weight on'the "beam, and means forl adjusting the position of the pointer relative to the Weight to correct Jfor variations from any, one or all of said fixed conditions of temperature, pressure,.and liumidity. Y

l53. The combination With a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism comprising a beam, and a Weight movable-thereon, of a scale plate on the beam having a scale thereon Which indicates Volurne of flow, la pointer carried by the Weight `lor indicating the setting of the Weight, and means for adjusting the ,pointer relative to the Weight in accordance With either temperor humidity, so that when any volume the Weight will be so located that having la Weight equivalent to the Weight of the volume which the pointer indicates under some standard conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity.

54C. r1`he combination with a centrifugal governing mechanism comprisingl a beam, a Weight aol justable thereon, and a float which rides on lthe fluid Vpassing through the compressor `and is connected to the beam, of a scale plate onthe beam having a volume indicating scale thereon, -a pointer carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of the weight on the beam, and means for adjusting the pfoint'er relative to the Weight for varying conditions in the fluid being compressed, whereby when said-pointer is set at a given volume on the scale the Weight Will be so located that the volumel actually delivered Will be a. volume hav-ing -a Weight equivalent to the Weight of the volume indicated by the the volume actually ,delivered by the compressor will be a volume lll() f pointer when referred to some standard set of conditions.

55. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism' comprising abeam, a Weight adjustable thereon, and a float which rides on the fluid 4passing through the compressor and is connected to the beam, of a scale plate on the beam havling a volume indicating scale thereon, a pointer carried by the Weight for indicating the adjustment of the Weight on the beam, and means for adjusting the tIhe Weight for variations in either the temperature, pressure, or humidity, of the gas being compressed Whereby when said pointer is set at a given volume on the scale the Weight will be so located that the volume actually delivered will be a volunie 'having "a Weight equivalent to the sol weight of the volume indicated by the pointer referred to some standard conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity.

56. The combination withl a'centrifugal compressor having a lvolume governing mechanism comprising 4a beam, a' Weight adjustable thereon, Aand a float which rides on the gas passing through the compressor, of a scale on the beam calibrated by sloping lines which extend Icrossvvise thereof and lrepresent volumes equivalent to a given weight, so that every longitudinally extending line intersecting the sloping lines forms a quadratic scale of division, a pointer car-` ried by the weight and adjustable thereon crosswise of the scale, and means for'indieating the setting of the pointer for any combination of temperature, pressure, and humidity, whereby when said point-er is set on the scale to indicate a certain volume the weight will (be so located that the volume governing mechanism Will pass a volume through the compressor which will have a Weight equivalent to the weight of the volume indicated by the pointer When referred to some standard conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity.

57. The combination With a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism which may beset to cause the compressor to handle a constant volume of fluid, of means for indicating the correct setting for the volume governing mechanism Whereby the volume handled under any conditions ot temperature, pressure, and vhumidity, will be equivalent in weight toa desired volume 'ofl gas referred vto some standard conditions' or temperature, lpressure, and

humidity, said means comprising a member having a scale thereon, a main indicating pointer which cooperates with such scale, a carriage for the pointer Which is movable to directly move the pointer in accordance with temperature, and means for moving the pointer relative to the carriage'in accordance With pressure and humidity.

58. The combination with a centrifugal compressor havingl a velu-me governing mechanism which may be set to 'cau-se the compressor to handle a constant volume of fluid, of means for indicatingthe correct setting for the volume -govermng mechanismv Where'by'the volume handled/under any conditions of temperature, pressure', and hu-v `midity, will be equi-valent in Welght t'o a desired volume ofas referred to some standard conditions o temperature, pressure, and

having a. scale thereon, a., main indicating ointer Whichco )crates with such scale a 1 carriage for the pointer which is movable to-directly -move the pointerin accordance i with temperature, means movable in accordance with pressure and humidity, and-dit'erential means through which the movements of lsaid last named means are transmitted to the main indicating pointer.

59. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a' volume governing mechanism which may !be set to cause the compressor to handle a constant volume of fluid. of means for indicating the corrt setting for the volume governing mechanism whereby the volume handled under any conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, will be equivalent in Weight toa desired volume of gas referred to some standard conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, said means comprising a member having a scale thereon, a lmain indicating pointer which Acooperates With such scale, a carriage for the pointer which is movable to directly move the pointer in accordance with temperature, means movable in accordance with pressure and humidity, and a cam through which the movements of the said last named means are transmitted `to the main indicating pointer. f

60. The combination with a centrifugal compressor having a volume governing mechanism Which may lbe set to Icause the compressor to handle a constant volume of fluid, of means for indicatingf the correct.

setting' for the volume governing mechanism Awhereby the volume handled under any conditions of temperature, pres'smre, and humidity, vvillA be equivalent in weight to a desired lvolume-of gas referred to somestandard conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity, said means comprising a carriage having a pointer fixed thereon, a temperature scale for it, a. plate slidable on the carriage, a pointer pivoted, on the carriage and connected to move the plate relative to the carriage, a barometer scale for` it, a member slidable on the plate having a pointer, a. barometer scale for it, a main indicating pointer carried by the carriage and -slidafble relative thereto, and means for transmitting movement fromsaid plate and said member to thei main indicating pointer. i I

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of December, 1916.

Louise. LOEWENSTEIN.

Corrections inl Letters PaentNo @,Bg,

lt is hereby oertieol'thot ln Letters Patent No, 1,313,099, grantodAStrZQ, upon the application of Louis LoeWenetei'I-l, of Lynn, Maesachusetts, for anim provenaient in '-flolume-Correctors, errors appeso in the printed specification-e- I uirin" correction as follows: Pego- 6, line 8S, forP,T-- reacl PzTc; a e 7 line 7B.,

q e v l, g

t'i'ke out the'parerithesis and insertl a comme; page 8, line82, claim lo, after the lWordmoanainsert thewod for; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with theselzorrectons therein that the Same ymy oontorm'to the n-eoord'o the ees-Le in the Patent Ottico.

l Siged and sealed this 16th day'of September, A. D.,'1919.v

[SEAL] M. H. COULSTN,

Acting Uommt'saonw of Patents. o1.' 23o-24. 

